An object-oriented approach to security policies and their access controls for database management

The constructs of the object-oriented data model seem to be good candidates for the specifications of the need-to-know and multilevel security policies and their respective access control requirements. This report demonstrates such specifications. The implication of this demonstration may be profound, since for the first time multiple security policies and their respective access controls may be realized and supported in a single object- oriented database management systemhttp://archive.org/details/objectorientedap00hsiaN

New Directions In Database-Systems Research and Development

Prepared for: Chief of Naval Research Arlington, VA 22217In this paper, three new directions in database-systems research and development are indicated. One new direction is the emergence of the multilingual database systems where a single database system can execute many transactions written respectively in different data languages and support many databases structured correspondingly in various data models. Thus, a multi-lingual database system allows the old transactions and existing databases to be migrated to the new system, the user to explore the strong features of the various data languages and data models in the same system, the hardware upgrade to be focused on a single system instead of a heterogeneous collection of database systems, and the database application to cover wider types of transactions and interaction in the same environment. One other new direction is the emphasis of the multi-backend database systems where the database system is configured with a number of microprocessor-based processing units and their disk subsystems. These processing units and disk subsystems are called database backends. The unique characteristics of the backends are that the number of the backends is variable, the system software in all of the backends is identical, and the multiplicity of the backends is proportional to the performance and capacity of the system. Thus, for the first time, a multi-backend database system enables the user to relate the amount of hardware used (i.e., the number of the backends) to the degree of performance gain and capacity growth of the system. The third new direction is the possibility of the multi-host database systems where a single database system can communicate with a variable number and heterogeneous collection of mainframes in several different data languages and allow the mainframes to share the common database store and access. This paper attempts to articulate the background, benefits, requirements and architectures of these new types of database system, namely, the multi-lingua the multi-backend, and the multi-host database systems.DoD STARS Program and from the Office of Naval Research.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

A taxonomy of parallel sorting

TR 84-601In this paper, we propose a taxonomy of parallel sorting that includes a broad range of array and file sorting algorithms. We analyze the evolution of research on parallel sorting, from the earliest sorting networks to the shared memory algorithms and the VLSI sorters. In the context of sorting networks, we describe two fundamental parallel merging schemes - the odd-even and the bitonic merge. Sorting algorithms have been derived from these merging algorithms for parallel computers where processors communicate through interconnection networks such as the perfect shuffle, the mesh and a number of other sparse networks. After describing the network sorting algorithms, we show that, with a shared memory model of parallel computation, faster algorithms have been derived from parallel enumeration sorting schemes, where keys are first ranked and then rearranged according to their rank

A benchmarking methodology for the centralized-database computer with expandable and parallel database processors and stores

In this paper a benchmarking methodology for a new kind of database computers is introduced. The emergence in the research community and in the commercial world of this kind of database computer (known as the multiple-backed database computers), were each computer system is configured with two or more identical processors and their associated stores for concurrent execution of transactions and for parallel processing of a centralized database spread over separate stores, is evident. The motivation and characterization of the multiple-backend database computer are first given. The need and lack of a methodology for benchmarking the new computer with a variable number of backends for the same database or with a fixed number of backends for different capacities are also evident. The measures (benchmarks) of the new computer are articulated and established and the design of the methodology for conducting the measurements is then given. Because of the novelty of the database computer architecture, the benchmarking methodology is rather elaborate and somewhat complicated. To aid our understanding of the methodology, a concrete sample is given herein. This sample also illustrates the use of the methodology. Meanwhile, a CAD system which computerizes the benchmarking methodology for systematically assisting the design of test databases and test-transaction mixes, for automatically tallying the design data and workloads, and for completely generating the test databases and test-transaction mixes is being implementedPrepared for: Chief of Naval Research Arlington, VAhttp://archive.org/details/benchmarkingmeth00demu61153N; RRO14-0 8-01 N0001485WR24046NAApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Towards an Ideal Database Server for Office Automation Environments

Office automation systems are growing but continue both in use and complexity. The evelopment of a database management system for the office automation environment ecomes a high priority, inorder to provide an efficient and reliable way to engage the information needs of the office. Therefore, the specification of an 'ideal' database server for the office automation environment becomes a key area of concern. inaddition to providing traditional support, the ideal database server must also provide new database support, in order to meet the unique and nyneedsofofficeautomationenvironments. In this paper, we focus on the characterization and specification of an ideal database server, for the office automation environment. We also consider how such an ideal database server can effectively Integrated into the office automation environment. Further, we ne an experimental database system, known as the multi-backend database system (NSDS), as a candidate for the ideal database server in the office automation environment.Chief of Naval Researc

Kaon photoproduction: background contributions, form factors and missing resonances

The photoproduction p(gamma, K+)Lambda process is studied within a field-theoretic approach. It is shown that the background contributions constitute an important part of the reaction dynamics. We compare predictions obtained with three plausible techniques for dealing with these background contributions. It appears that the extracted resonance parameters drastically depend on the applied technique. We investigate the implications of the corrections to the functional form of the hadronic form factor in the contact term, recently suggested by Davidson and Workman (Phys. Rev. C 63, 025210). The role of background contributions and hadronic form factors for the identification of the quantum numbers of ``missing'' resonances is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 7 eps figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Age-related CNS disorder and early death in transgenic FVB/N mice overexpressing Alzheimer amyloid precursor proteins

AbstractTransgenic FVB/N mice overexpressing human (Hu) or mouse (Mo) Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP695) die early and develop a CNS disorder that includes neophobia and impaired spatial alternation, with diminished glucose utilization and astrogliosis mainly in the cerebrum. Age at onset of neophobia and age at death decrease with increasing levels of brain APP. HuAPP transgenes induce death much earlier than MoAPP transgenes expressed at similar levels. No extracellular amyloid was detected, indicating that some deleterious processes related to APP overexpression are dissociated from formation of amyloid. A similar clinical syndrome occurs spontaneously in ∼20% of nontransgenic mice when they reach mid-to late-adult life, suggesting that APP overexpression may accelerate a naturally occuring age-related CNS disorder in FVB/N mice

mTORC2-AKT signaling to ATP-citrate lyase drives brown adipogenesis and de novo lipogenesis

mTORC2 phosphorylates AKT in a hydrophobic motif site that is a biomarker of insulin sensitivity. In brown adipocytes, mTORC2 regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, however the mechanism has been unclear because downstream AKT signaling appears unaffected by mTORC2 loss. Here, by applying immunoblotting, targeted phosphoproteomics and metabolite profiling, we identify ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) as a distinctly mTORC2-sensitive AKT substrate in brown preadipocytes. mTORC2 appears dispensable for most other AKT actions examined, indicating a previously unappreciated selectivity in mTORC2-AKT signaling. Rescue experiments suggest brown preadipocytes require the mTORC2/AKT/ACLY pathway to induce PPAR-gamma and establish the epigenetic landscape during differentiation. Evidence in mature brown adipocytes also suggests mTORC2 acts through ACLY to increase carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) activity, histone acetylation, and gluco-lipogenic gene expression. Substrate utilization studies additionally implicate mTORC2 in promoting acetyl-CoA synthesis from acetate through acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2). These data suggest that a principal mTORC2 action is controlling nuclear-cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthesis

Incretin mimetics as pharmacological tools to elucidate and as a new drug strategy to treat traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), either as an isolated injury or in conjunction with other injuries, is an increasingly common occurring event. An estimated 1.7 million injuries occur within the US each year and 10 million people are affected annually worldwide. Indeed, some one-third (30.5%) of all injury-related deaths in the U.S. are associated with TBI, which will soon outstrip many common diseases as the major cause of death and disability. Associated with a high morbidity and mortality, and no specific therapeutic treatment, TBI has become a pressing public health and medical problem. The highest incidence of TBI occurs among young adults (15 to 24 years age) as well as in the elderly (75 years and older) who are particularly vulnerable as injury, often associated with falls, carries an increased mortality and worse functional outcome following lower initial injury severity. Added to this, a new and growing form of TBI, blast injury, associated with the detonation of improvised explosive devices in the war theaters of Iraq and Afghanistan, are inflicting a wave of unique casualties of immediate impact to both military personnel and civilians, for which long-term consequences remain unknown and may potentially be catastrophic. The neuropathology underpinning head injury is becoming increasingly better understood. Depending on severity, TBI induces immediate neuropathological effects that for the mildest form may be transient but with increasing severity cause cumulative neural damage and degeneration. Even with mild TBI, which represents the majority of cases, a broad spectrum of neurological deficits, including cognitive impairments, can manifest that may significantly influence quality of life. In addition, TBI can act as a conduit to longer-term neurodegenerative disorders. Prior studies of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists have demonstrated neurotrophic/neuroprotective activities across a broad spectrum of cellular and animal models of chronic neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and acute cerebrovascular (stroke) disorders. In line with the commonality in mechanisms underpinning these disorders as well as TBI, the current article reviews this literature and recent studies assessing GLP-1 receptor agonists as a potential treatment strategy for mild to moderate TBI

Methods and apparatus for constructing and implementing a universal extension module for processing objects in a database

Methods and apparatus for providing a multi-tier object-relational database architecture are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a multi-tier database architecture comprises an object-relational database engine as a top tier, one or more domain-specific extension modules as a bottom tier, and one or more universal extension modules as a middle tier. The individual extension modules of the bottom tier operationally connect with the one or more universal extension modules which, themselves, operationally connect with the database engine. The domain-specific extension modules preferably provide such functions as search, index, and retrieval services of images, video, audio, time series, web pages, text, XML, spatial data, etc. The domain-specific extension modules may include one or more IBM DB2 extenders, Oracle data cartridges and/or Informix datablades, although other domain-specific extension modules may be used